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HCP > Pathophysiology > Graduated compression

The importance of graduated compression

Medical compression stockings and socks help to avoid the consequences of venous insufficiency by supporting venous return.1-4 To assist venous return, external compression must:

  • Prevent backflow
  • Aid upward movement of the blood in the deep veins

Leg Compression

To achieve this, compression must be graduated, with the highest compression at the ankle.1

Overall compression

  • Prevents engorgement of superficial veins3,5
  • Helps prevent reflux of blood by bringing valve cusps closer together3,4

Graduated compression

  • Assists the return of blood from ankle and calf4
  • Relieves venous hypertension3,4

Compression hosiery is divided into three classes, delivering progressively higher pressure at the ankle. In each class, the compression reduces up the leg.

Table of compression levels for clases 1, 2 and 3

Peassure UK Class 1 UK Class 2 UK Class 3
At ankle Strongest pressure (14 - 17mmHg) Strongest pressure (18 - 24mmHg) Strongest pressure (25 - 35mmHg)
At calf Reduced to 80% of ankle Reduced to 70% of ankle Reduced to 70% of ankle
At thigh Reduced to 85% of calf Reduced to 70% of calf Reduced to 70% of calf

Click here for information on selecting the correct class of compression for your patient.

  1. Horner J et al. Value of graduated compression stockings in deep venous insufficiency. Brit Med J 1980; 280: 820-821
  2. Tristram S. The use of compression hosiery in venous disease. Prescriber 1993; May 5:59-66
  3. Johnson S. Compression hosiery in the prevention and treatment of venous leg ulcers. J Tissue Viability 2002; 12 (2): 67-74
  4. Edwards L, Moffatt C. The use of compression hosiery in the care of leg ulcers. Nursing Standard 1996; 10 (31): 53-56
  5. Dale JJ, Gibson B. Back-up for the venous pump. Professional Nurse 1990: June: 481-486

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